Coal India Limited (CIL) is an Indian public sector undertaking and the largest government-owned coal producer in the world. Headquartered in Kolkata, it is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Coal, Government of India. It is a 'Maharatna' company under the Ministry of Coal, Government of India with headquarters at Kolkata, West Bengal. Incorporated on November 1, 1975, by the Government of India, Coal India is headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal, and is registered under the Company Identification Number (CIN) L23109WB1973GOI028844.
It accounts for around 82% of the total coal production in India. The company is responsible for around 80% of the country's coal output, playing a vital role in meeting India's energy demands. With operations spread across 83 mining areas in eight provincial states of India, CIL has a robust presence in the coal mining industry.
As of April 1, 2023, CIL manages an extensive network of 322 mines. These mines are categorised into three types: 138 underground mines, 171 open-cast mines, and 13 mixed mines. The company focuses on the exploration, production, and sale of coal, supplying essential fuel to sectors like power, steel, and cement, which are crucial for India's industrial growth.
CIL produces coal through seven of its wholly owned subsidiaries. These are Eastern Coalfields Limited (ECL), Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL), Central Coalfields Limited (CCL), Western Coalfields Limited (WCL), South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), Northern Coalfield Limited (NCL), and Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL). Its 8th wholly owned subsidiary Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited (CMPDIL) provides exploration, planning and technical support to all the 7 production subsidiaries.
Coal India has a market capitalization of ₹2,37,943 crore as of recent data, though it has declined by 21.4% over the past year. Promoter holding in Coal India Ltd has remained stable at 63.13% as of March 2025.
The revenue for Coal India Ltd in Q4 FY25 was ₹41,930.49 crore, with net profit of ₹9,604.02 crore. Coal India Ltd's net profit jumped 12.04% year-on-year to ₹9,604.02 crore in Q4 FY25. For the entire financial year 2024–25 (FY25), CIL's consolidated profit declined to Rs 35,302 crore from Rs 37,369 crore a year earlier.
For FY25, consolidated revenue from operations fell 1 per cent to Rs 143,369 crore from Rs 144,762 crore in FY24. The company has delivered a poor sales growth of 8.33% over past five years. The net profit margin for Coal India Ltd in Q4 FY25 was 22.90%.
The company's board recommended a final dividend of Rs 5.15 per share on the face value of Rs 10 each for FY25. Stock is providing a good dividend yield of 6.60%.
- **Market Cap:** ₹2,37,943 crore (as of recent data)
- **Revenue (FY25):** ₹1,43,369 crore
- **Net Profit (FY25):** ₹35,302 crore
- **Q4 FY25 Revenue:** ₹41,930.49 crore
- **Q4 FY25 Net Profit:** ₹9,604.02 crore
- **Dividend Yield:** 6.60%
- **Promoter Holding:** 63.13% (March 2025)
Coal production stood at 63.5 million tons in May 2025 compared to 64.4 million tons in May 2024, recording a decline of 1.4%. Coal India announced that coal production dropped 8.5% to 57.8 million tonnes in June 2025 compared to 63.1 million tonnes in June 2024. Coal offtake declined 7.4% to 60.4 million tonnes in June 2025 compared to 65.2 million tonnes in June 2024.
Coal India Limited has signed a non-binding MoU to supply 4,500 MW of renewable energy to AM Green, investing ₹25,000 crore to support green ammonia facilities. This initiative reflects Coal India's commitment to transitioning towards cleaner energy and achieving net-zero emissions. The subsidiary is established in a joint venture with Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam (RRVUNL), the state-owned power company of Rajasthan. Coal India holds a 74% stake in the joint venture, with RRVUNL holding the remaining 26%. The subsidiary, incorporated on 12 June 2025, aims to develop, construct, and operate solar, wind, and pump storage projects in the state.
Coal India and Hindustan Copper signed non-binding MoU for collaboration in copper and critical minerals sectors. Additionally, Coal India is exploring lithium mining opportunities in Australia and Argentina.
Coal India is moving forward with plans to list its subsidiaries BCCL and CMPDI, filing DRHP soon. The company also submitted an IPO proposal for Bharat Coking Coal.
Coal India's environment friendly coal transportation grew by 34 percent year-on-year in FY 2025 at 102.5 million tonnes through 20 first mile connectivity (FMC) projects linked with the Indian Railway network. The results reflected sizable reduction in carbon emissions, air pollutants, ambient noise levels and significant savings in diesel costs. For instance, in case of Gevra, a 10 MT capacity FMC project, there was a reduction of around 84% particulate matter and other gaseous emissions compared to pay loader loading at sidings.
Coal India continues to play a crucial role in India's energy security while simultaneously working towards diversification into renewable energy and sustainable mining practices. Despite facing challenges in production growth and market volatility, the company maintains its position as the world's largest coal producer and continues to generate substantial returns for shareholders through consistent dividend payments.
